![]() ![]() Moreover, the risk of developing the tumors may increase with the frequency and number of vaccinations given. Vaccination with the rabies vaccine appears the be the underlying cause of this type of sarcoma. In the advanced stages, the lesions will become fixed and occasionally ulcerated. Lesions occur at the site of the vaccination, persisting and/or growing in size. However, the role of aluminum is unclear because not all adjuvants used in the vaccines that have been associated with sarcoma formation have contained aluminum. In addition, initial reports focused on vaccine adjuvants (assisting ingredients) containing aluminum as a potential cause of the sarcoma. The cause for the sarcoma development is unknown, but it is believed that local inflammation must first occur for the malignant mass to follow. Often, the cancer spreads to the lungs, but it may spread to the regional lymph nodes and to the skin as well. Metastatic (spreading) rates are reported to be 22.5 to 24 percent. These tumors are characterized as highly invasive, rapidly growing, and malignant. In fact, reports of a sarcoma (a cancerous mass arising from bone, cartilage, fat or muscle) developing at the site of vaccine injection sites in some animals have led to the suspicion of a link between the vaccine and a disposition in some animals to this type of reaction. Malignant CSCMTs need to be evaluated by IHC to ensure the histotype and the relatively benign clinical behavior, despite their large size.Ĭanine mammary tumor grading immunophenotype prognosis spindle cell.Most types of injectable vaccine and non-vaccine products have rarely been associated with sarcoma development in dogs, but some dogs may develop a site specific sarcoma following rabies vaccination. Higher sarcoma grade was associated with older age ( P =. The majority of malignant CSCMTs were solitary (57%) large tumors (6.42 ± 3.92 cm) with low metastatic potential and high survival rate (8% tumor-related mortality). ![]() The diagnosis based on the HE-stained section differed from the diagnosis after IHC in 75% of the malignant cases. CSCMTs included 3 benign tumors (1 angioma and 2 benign myoepitheliomas) and 67 malignant tumors that after IHC were diagnosed as malignant myoepithelioma (64%), carcinoma and malignant myoepithelioma (19%), hemangiosarcoma (8%), undifferentiated sarcoma (5%), peripheral nerve sheath tumor (3%), and fibrosarcoma (2%). The prevalence of CSCMT was 1% of all CMTs. The origin of the tumors was assessed as mammary, skin, or unknown. The tumors were diagnosed based on the hematoxylin and eosin (HE)-stained section malignant tumors were graded using a canine soft tissue sarcoma grading scheme and a canine mammary tumor grading scheme, and they were further assigned a diagnosis based on immunohistochemistry (IHC) for pancytokeratin, cytokeratin 14, p63, calponin, vimentin, Ki-67, CD31, desmin, myosin, smooth muscle actin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and S-100. Mammary tumors submitted for histopathology from 1998 to 2013 and compatible with CSCMTs were retrospectively selected. Canine spindle cell mammary tumor (CSCMT) is an infrequent canine mammary tumor (CMT) composed of spindle or fusiform cells, which represents a challenge for pathologists and clinicians. ![]()
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